{"id":7794,"date":"2018-02-14T18:34:31","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T23:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theeiupac.wpengine.com\/?page_id=7794"},"modified":"2022-05-11T06:34:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T10:34:36","slug":"periodic-table-archives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iupac.org\/what-we-do\/periodic-table-of-elements\/periodic-table-archives\/","title":{"rendered":"Periodic Table &#8211; archives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Earlier versions of the Periodic Table released since\u00a01999<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/standard-atomic-weights-of-14-chemical-elements-revised\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-9195 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Ar_PT20181201.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"261\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4 May 2022\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/what-we-do\/periodic-table-of-elements\/\">current version<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>1 Dec 2018 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-01Dec18.pdf\">pdf file<\/a>, letter size or A4 or <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table_A3-01Dec18.pdf\">A3 (PDF) version<\/a>] including the most recent updates released in June 2018 by the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/body\/210\">CIAAW<\/a>)\u00a0(<em>see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/standard-atomic-weights-of-14-chemical-elements-revised\/\">related News<\/a><\/em>, released 5 June 2018), and specifically for argon, the assignment of an interval for the new standard atomic weight which reflects the common occurrence of variations in the atomic weights of the element in normal terrestrial materials. An interval in square brackets provides the lower and upper bounds of the standard atomic weight for that element. For users needing an atomic-weight value for an unspecified sample with disregard to the uncertainty, the conventional values are provided. No values are listed for elements which lack isotopes with a characteristic isotopic abundance in natural terrestrial samples.\u00a0See\u00a0<em>PAC<\/em> for more details or visit Commission II.1. Reprint as back cover tear off <em>Chemistry International<\/em>\u00a0Jan-Mar 2019 issue.<\/li>\n<li>28 Nov 2016 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-28Nov16.pdf\">pdf file,<\/a> letter size or A4 or <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table_A3-28Nov16.pdf\">A3 (PDF) version<\/a>] including the added elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 with their\u00a0names and symbols (<em>see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/iupac-announces-the-names-of-the-elements-113-115-117-and-118\">related News<\/a><\/em>), the standard atomic weights 2013 (abridged to five significant digits) and the conventional atomic weights as published in\u00a0<em>PAC<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 88, No.3, pp. 265-291 (<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2015-0305\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2015-0305<\/a>), and for ytterbium, the standard atomic weight updated following\u00a0the 2015 review (<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/standard-atomic-weight-of-ytterbium-revised\/\">see related News<\/a>). An interval in square brackets provides the lower and upper bounds of the standard atomic weight for that element. For users needing an atomic-weight value for an unspecified sample with disregard to the uncertainty, the conventional values are provided. No values are listed for elements which lack isotopes with a characteristic isotopic abundance in natural terrestrial samples; reprint as back cover tear off\u00a0<em>Chemistry International<\/em>\u00a0Jan-Mar 2017 issue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2570 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/4-new-elements-300x232.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/4-new-elements-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/4-new-elements.png 911w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>8 Jan 2016 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-8Jan16.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 109 KB<\/a>] including Uut, Uup, Uus, and Uuo and following the announcement on 30 Dec 2015 of the discoveries of four new chemical elements. This table includes the recently added\u00a0elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 with their\u00a0temporary names and symbols (<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118\">see related News<\/a>,\u00a0released 30 Dec 2015), the standard atomic weights 2013 (abridged to four significant digits and as deduced from\u00a0<em>PAC<\/em>\u00a088, No.3 (2016)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2015-0305\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2015-0305<\/a>), and for ytterbium, the standard atomic weight updated following\u00a0the 2015 review (<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/standard-atomic-weight-of-ytterbium-revised\/\">see related News<\/a>, released 24 Aug 2015).<\/li>\n<li>1 May 2013 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-1May13.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 88 KB<\/a>]\u00a0including the standard atomic weights 2011 abridged to four significant digits (as published in <em>PAC<\/em> 85, table 4, p. 1068; <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REP-13-03-02\">doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REP-13-03-02<\/a>; reprint as back cover tear off <em>Chemistry International<\/em> Jul-Aug 2013 issue.<\/li>\n<li>11 June 2012 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-1Jun12.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 88KB<\/a>] including Fl and Lv (The IUPAC recommendations of the names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 114 and 116 is to appear in PAC July 2012; <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REC-11-12-03\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REC-11-12-03<\/a>); <em>CI<\/em> tear off Jul-Aug 2012 issue<\/li>\n<li>Jul-Aug 2011 &#8212; Periodic Table of the Isotopes &#8212; [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/July11_supplement_hi_res.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 928KB<\/a>] &#8211;\u00a0see related <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2011\/3304\/pp6_2007-038-3-200.html\"><em> Chem Int<\/em> article<\/a>\u00a0; see <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/isotopesmatter\/\">Interactive version<\/a> release 16 Aug 2016<\/li>\n<li>21 January 2011\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-21Jan11.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 135KB<\/a>] including the standard atomic weights 2009 abridged to four significant digits (as published in <em>PAC<\/em> 83, table 4, p. 387 [<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REP-10-09-14\">doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REP-10-09-14<\/a>]) &#8211;\u00a0see related <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2011\/3302\/2_coplen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em> Chem Int<\/em> feature<\/a> (Mar-Apr 2011 issue)<\/li>\n<li>19 February 2010\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-19Feb10.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 196KB<\/a>] including the standard atomic weights 2007 abridged to four significant digits (as published in <em>PAC<\/em> 81, table 4, p. 2141 [doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REP-09-08-03\">10.1351\/PAC-REP-09-08-03<\/a>]) and the latest named element copernicium &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2010\/3202\/iw1_copernicus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">see <em>CI<\/em> notice<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23 August 2007\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-23Aug07.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 201KB<\/a>] (version\u00a0date 23 August 2007) including the 2007 revised standard atomic weights of 5 chemical\u00a0elements &gt; see release published in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2007\/2906\/iw4_atomicweights.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Chem. Int.<\/i>\u00a0Nov 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li>22 June 2007\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-22Jun07b.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 28KB<\/a>] sized to print on A4 and US letter paper, including the 2005 revised standard atomic weights of 16 chemical elements &gt;see release published in\u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/old.iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2005\/2706\/iw3_atomicweights.html\">Chem. Int.<\/a><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2005\/2706\/iw3_atomicweights.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Nov-Dec 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3\u00a0Oct 2005 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-3Oct05.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 17KB<\/a>] or see <em>CI<\/em> tear off version May-June 2006 issue [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-3Oct05-CI.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 68KB<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>4\u00a0Feb 2005\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-4Feb05.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 17KB<\/a>]; CI tear off Mar-Apr 2005 issue\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-14Jan05-CI.pdf\">pdf\u00a0file &#8211; 87KB<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>1 Nov 2004\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-1Nov04.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 17KB<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>7 Nov 2003 [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-7Nov03.pdf\">pdf file &#8211; 17KB<\/a>]; CI \u00a0Jan-Feb 2004 issue tear-off table [<a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-7Nov03-CI.pdf\">pdf\u00a0file &#8211; 474KB<\/a>], and a brief historical review of the table, see <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2004\/2601\/2_holden.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Chem.\u00a0Int<\/em>. 2004, Jan , p. 8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">In this\u00a0version below,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0each\u00a0element is keyed to a color matching the time of its discovery<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"90%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"40%\" height=\"30\">\n<div align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Time<br \/>\nof Discovery<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"12%\" height=\"30\">Before<br \/>\n1800<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"12%\" height=\"30\">1800-1849<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"12%\" height=\"30\">1850-1899<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"12%\" height=\"30\">1900-1949<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"12%\" height=\"30\">1950-1999<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">1<br \/>\nH<br \/>\n1.0079<\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"10\" rowspan=\"2\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">2<br \/>\nHe<br \/>\n4.0026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">3<br \/>\nLi<br \/>\n6.941<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">4<br \/>\nBe<br \/>\n9.0122<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">5<br \/>\nB<br \/>\n10.811<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">6<br \/>\nC<br \/>\n12.011<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">7<br \/>\nN<br \/>\n14.007<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">8<br \/>\nO<br \/>\n15.999<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">9<br \/>\nF<br \/>\n18.998<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">10<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\n20.180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">11<br \/>\nNa<br \/>\n22.990<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">12<br \/>\nMg<br \/>\n24.305<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">13<br \/>\nAl<br \/>\n26.982<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">14<br \/>\nSi<br \/>\n28.086<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">15<br \/>\nP<br \/>\n30.974<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">16<br \/>\nS<br \/>\n32.065<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">17<br \/>\nCl<br \/>\n35.453<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">18<br \/>\nAr<br \/>\n39.948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">19<br \/>\nK<br \/>\n39.098<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">20<br \/>\nCa<br \/>\n40.078<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">21<br \/>\nSc<br \/>\n44.956<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">22<br \/>\nTi<br \/>\n47.867<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">23<br \/>\nV<br \/>\n50.942<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">24<br \/>\nCr<br \/>\n51.996<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">25<br \/>\nMn<br \/>\n54.938<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">26<br \/>\nFe<br \/>\n55.845<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">27<br \/>\nCo<br \/>\n58.933<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">28<br \/>\nNi<br \/>\n58.693<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">29<br \/>\nCu<br \/>\n63.546<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">30<br \/>\nZn<br \/>\n65.38<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">31<br \/>\nGa<br \/>\n69.723<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">32<br \/>\nGe<br \/>\n72.64<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">33<br \/>\nAs<br \/>\n74.922<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">34<br \/>\nSe<br \/>\n78.96<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">35<br \/>\nBr<br \/>\n79.904<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">36<br \/>\nKr<br \/>\n83.798<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">37<br \/>\nRb<br \/>\n85.468<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">38<br \/>\nSr<br \/>\n87.62<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">39<br \/>\nY<br \/>\n88.906<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">40<br \/>\nZr<br \/>\n91.224<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">41<br \/>\nNb<br \/>\n92.906<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">42<br \/>\nMo<br \/>\n95.96<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">43<br \/>\nTc<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">44<br \/>\nRu<br \/>\n101.07<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">45<br \/>\nRh<br \/>\n102.91<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">46<br \/>\nPd<br \/>\n106.42<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">47<br \/>\nAg<br \/>\n107.87<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">48<br \/>\nCd<br \/>\n112.41<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">49<br \/>\nIn<br \/>\n114.82<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">50<br \/>\nSn<br \/>\n118.71<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">51<br \/>\nSb<br \/>\n121.76<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">52<br \/>\nTe<br \/>\n127.60<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">53<br \/>\nI<br \/>\n126.90<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">54<br \/>\nXe<br \/>\n131.29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">55<br \/>\nCs<br \/>\n132.91<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">56<br \/>\nBa<br \/>\n137.33<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">57-71<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">72<br \/>\nHf<br \/>\n178.49<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">73<br \/>\nTa<br \/>\n180.95<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">74<br \/>\nW<br \/>\n183.84<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">75<br \/>\nRe<br \/>\n186.21<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">76<br \/>\nOs<br \/>\n190.23<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">77<br \/>\nIr<br \/>\n192.22<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">78<br \/>\nPt<br \/>\n195.08<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">79<br \/>\nAu<br \/>\n196.97<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">80<br \/>\nHg<br \/>\n200.59<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">81<br \/>\nTl<br \/>\n204.38<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">82<br \/>\nPb<br \/>\n207.2<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">83<br \/>\nBi<br \/>\n208.98<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">84<br \/>\nPo<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">85<br \/>\nAt<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">86<br \/>\nRn<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">87<br \/>\nFr<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">88<br \/>\nRa<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">89-103<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">104<br \/>\nRf<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">105<br \/>\nDb<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">106<br \/>\nSg<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">107<br \/>\nBh<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">108<br \/>\nHs<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">109<br \/>\nMt<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" height=\"30\"><em>110<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Ds<\/em><br \/>\n<em> &#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" height=\"30\"><em>111<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Rg<\/em><br \/>\n<em> &#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" height=\"30\"><em>112<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Cn<\/em><br \/>\n<em> &#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>113<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Nh<\/em><br \/>\n<em>&#8211;\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>114<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Fl<\/em><br \/>\n<em> &#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>115<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Mc<\/em><br \/>\n<em>&#8211;\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>116<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Lv<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>\u00a0117<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ts<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/em><\/td>\n<td height=\"30\"><em>118<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Og<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"15\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">57<br \/>\nLa<br \/>\n138.91<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">58<br \/>\nCe<br \/>\n140.12<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">59<br \/>\nPr<br \/>\n140.91<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">60<br \/>\nNd<br \/>\n144.24<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">61<br \/>\nPm<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">62<br \/>\nSm<br \/>\n150.36<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">63<br \/>\nEu<br \/>\n151.96<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">64<br \/>\nGd<br \/>\n157.25<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">65<br \/>\nTb<br \/>\n158.93<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">66<br \/>\nDy<br \/>\n162.50<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">67<br \/>\nHo<br \/>\n164.93<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">68<br \/>\nEr<br \/>\n167.26<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">69<br \/>\nTm<br \/>\n168.93<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">70<br \/>\nYb<br \/>\n173.05<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">71<br \/>\nLu<br \/>\n174.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">La<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150.36<\/span><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999CC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">89<br \/>\nAc<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#99CCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">90<br \/>\nTh<br \/>\n232.04<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">91<br \/>\nPa<br \/>\n231.04<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">92<br \/>\nU<br \/>\n238.03<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">93<br \/>\nNp<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">94<br \/>\nPu<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">95<br \/>\nAm<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">96<br \/>\nCm<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">97<br \/>\nBk<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">98<br \/>\nCf<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">99<br \/>\nEs<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">100<br \/>\nFm<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">101<br \/>\nMd<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">102<br \/>\nNo<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#CCCCFF\" width=\"5%\" height=\"30\">103<br \/>\nLr<br \/>\n&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Notes<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&#8211; Standard\u00a0atomic weights last revised based on the 2005 review published in\u00a0<i>Pure Appl. Chem<\/i>.\u00a078(11), 2051-2066, 2006 (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/pac200678112051\">doi.org\/10.1351\/pac200678112051<\/a>) and Aug\u00a02007 release (also in <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2007\/2906\/iw4_atomicweights.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Chem. Int.<\/i>\u00a0Nov 2007<\/a>), and here reported to 5 significant figures. Elements\u00a0with no reported values in the table above have no stable nuclides\u00a0(alternative tables might display mean relative atomic masses or\u00a0mass numbers for an arbitrarily selected unstable nuclide of that\u00a0chemical element). However, three such elements -Th, Pa, and U- have a characteristic terresterial isotopic composition, and for\u00a0these an atomic weight is tabulated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">A similar table, commemorative of <b>IUPAC 80 Years of Service to Chemistry<\/b> was\u00a0produced as a laminated postcard and distributed with the <a href=\"https:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/ci\/2000\/november\/periodic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nov. 2000 issue of <i>Chemistry International<\/i> <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><a name=\"names\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"90%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Symbol<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">ame<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Symbol<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">name<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Symbol<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">name<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ac<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">actinium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Gd<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">gadolinium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Pd<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">palladium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ag<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">silver*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Ge<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">germanium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Pm<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">promethium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\" height=\"2\">Al<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\" height=\"2\">aluminium<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">H<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">hydrogen<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Po<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">polonium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Am<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">americium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">He<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">helium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Pr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">praseodymium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"8\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\" height=\"8\">Ar<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\" height=\"8\">argon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"8\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Hf<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">hafnium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\" height=\"8\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Pt<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">platinum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">As<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">arsenic<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Hg<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">mercury*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Pu<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">plutonium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">At<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">astatine<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Ho<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">holmium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ra<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">radium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Au<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">gold*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Hs<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">hassium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">\u00a0Rb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">\u00a0rubidium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">B<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">boron<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">I<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">iodine<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Re<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">rhenium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ba<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">barium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">In<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">indium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Rf<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">rutherfordium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Be<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">beryllium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Ir<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">iridium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Rg<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">roentgenium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Bh<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">bohrium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">K<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">potassium*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Rh<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">rhodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Bi<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">bismuth<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Kr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">krypton<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Rn<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">radon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Bk<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">berkelium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">La<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">lanthanum<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ru<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">ruthenium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Br<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">bromine<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Li<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">lithium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">S<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">sulfur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">C<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">carbon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Lr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">lawrencium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Sb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">antimony*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ca<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">calcium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Lu<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">lutetium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Sc<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">scandium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cd<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">cadmium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Lv<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">livermorium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Se<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">selenium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ce<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">cerium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Mc<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">moscovium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Sg<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">seaborgium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cf<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">californium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Md<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">mendelevium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Si<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">silicon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cl<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">chlorine<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Mg<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">magnesium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Sm<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">samarium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cm<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">curium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Mn<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">manganese<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Sn<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">tin*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">Cn<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">copernicium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Mo<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">molybdenum<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">Sr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">strontium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Co<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">cobalt<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Mt<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">meitnerium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">\u00a0Ta<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">\u00a0tantalum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">chromium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">N<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">nitrogen<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Tb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">terbium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cs<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">caesium<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Na<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">sodium*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Tc<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">technetium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Cu<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">copper*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Nb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">niobium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Te<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">tellurium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Db<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">dubnium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Nd<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">neodymium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Th<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">thorium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ds<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">darmstadtium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Ne<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">neon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ti<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">titanium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Dy<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">dysprosium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Nh<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">nihonium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Tl<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">thallium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Er<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">erbium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Ni<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">nickel<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Tm<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">thulium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Es<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">einsteinium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">No<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">nobelium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ts<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">tennessine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Eu<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">europium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Np<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">neptunium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">U<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">uranium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">F<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">fluorine<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">O<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">oxygen<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">V<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">vanadium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Fe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">iron*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Og<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">oganesson<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">W<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">tungsten*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Fl<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">flerovium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Os<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">osmium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Xe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">xenon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Fm<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">fermium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">P<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">phosphorus<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Y<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">yttrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Fr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">francium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Pa<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">protactinium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Yb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\">ytterbium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\">Ga<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\">gallium<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\">Pb<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\">lead*<\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\" height=\"2\">Zn<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\" height=\"2\">zinc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"24%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"9%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"26%\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" bgcolor=\"#9999FF\" width=\"0%\" height=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"8%\" height=\"2\">Zr<\/td>\n<td valign=\"MIDDLE\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"25%\" height=\"2\">zirconium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote><p>* Some element symbols derive from ancient names; Ag derives from argentum,\u00a0Au from aurum, Cu from cuprum, Fe from ferrum, Hg from hydrargyrum,\u00a0K from kalium, Na from natrium, Pb from plumbum, Sb from stibium, Sn\u00a0from stannum, and W from wolfram.<br \/>\n+ Alternative spellings commonly used are: &#8216;aluminum&#8217; for Al and &#8216;cesium&#8217;\u00a0for Cs.<\/p>\n<p>^ <i><a href=\"#top\">page top<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">Page last modified\u00a014\u00a0Feb 2018.<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a91997-2018 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier versions of the Periodic Table released since\u00a01999 4 May 2022\u00a0[current version] 1 Dec 2018 [pdf file, letter size or A4 or A3 (PDF) version] including the most recent updates 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